Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.1. ... Russia occupies ... eastern half of ... Europe and ... northern third of ... Asia.2. ... climate of ... northern part of ... Russia is severe.3. This winter is ... true Russian winter with ... hard frosts. 4. Swift, ... famous English writer, was travelling one day on ... horseback with his servant.Until near ... end of ... 19th century it was the law in ... England that if ... man was unable to pay ... debt, even ... small one, he could be imprisoned

Russia occupies the eastern half of Europe and the northern third of Asia.
— «the» перед “eastern half / northern third”, потому что это определённые части целого; Europe/Asia без артикля.

The climate of the northern part of Russia is severe.
— «the» перед “climate” (конкретный климат страны) и “northern part” (определённая часть); Russia без артикля.

This winter is a true Russian winter with hard frosts.
— «a» перед исчисляемым “winter” в значении «одна из»; “hard frosts” во множественном числе без артикля.

Swift, a famous English writer, was travelling one day on horseback with his servant.
— «a» в приложении (“a famous English writer”); устойчивое “on horseback” без артикля.

Until near the end of the 19th century it was the law in England that if a man was unable to pay a debt, even a small one, he could be imprisoned.
— «the» перед “end” и “19th century” (конкретный период), England без артикля; «a man / a debt / a small one» — впервые упоминаемые исчисляемые объекты.