Written во всех временах

Ниже — формы “written” во всех временах и как они реально используются.

Что такое “written”

Written — это Past Participle (V3) глагола write.

Три основные формы глагола:

• write — V1 (инфинитив/настоящее)

• wrote — V2 (Past Simple)

• written — V3 (Past Participle)

Форма written сама по себе не является временем. Она используется:

1. в Perfect (с have/has/had)

2. в Passive Voice (с be)

3. как причастие/прилагательное (a written statement)

1) “Written” в Perfect временах (Active)

Здесь всегда стоит have/has/had + written.

Present Perfect

have/has written

• I have written the report.

• She has written three emails today.

Past Perfect

had written

• I had written the report before the meeting started.

Future Perfect

will have written

• By tomorrow, I will have written the report.

2) “Written” в Perfect Continuous

В Perfect Continuous у глагола “write” будет writing, а не written:

• I have been writing…
  То есть written там не используется.

3) “Written” в Passive Voice (страдательный залог)

Здесь ключевая формула: be + written (в нужной форме времени).

Present Simple Passive

am/is/are written

• The report is written in English.

• These rules are written clearly.

Past Simple Passive

was/were written

• The letter was written yesterday.

• The books were written in the 19th century.

Future Simple Passive

will be written

• The report will be written by Friday.

Present Continuous Passive

am/is/are being written

• The report is being written now.

Past Continuous Passive

was/were being written

• The report was being written when the system crashed.

Present Perfect Passive

have/has been written

• The report has been written already.

Past Perfect Passive

had been written

• The report had been written before the boss arrived.

Future Perfect Passive

will have been written

• By Friday, the report will have been written.

Примечание: “Passive Perfect Continuous” практически не употребляют, поэтому “been being written” встречается крайне редко и обычно избегается.

4) “Written” в модальных конструкциях

Modal + have + written (перфект с модальными)

• I must have written the wrong date. (Наверное, я написал не ту дату.)

• She may have written to him. (Возможно, она ему написала.)

• You should have written earlier. (Тебе следовало написать раньше.)

Modal + be + written (пассив с модальными)

• It must be written in pen. (Это должно быть написано ручкой.)

• The contract should be written clearly. (Контракт следует написать ясно.)

• It can be written in two ways. (Это можно написать двумя способами.)

5) “Written” как причастие/прилагательное

• a written agreement — письменное соглашение

• written instructions — письменные инструкции

• The report is written well. — Отчёт хорошо написан. (здесь формально пассив, по смыслу — качество)

Краткая шпаргалка: где именно встречается “written”

Active Perfect:

• have/has written

• had written

• will have written

Passive (все основные времена):

• am/is/are written

• was/were written

• will be written

• am/is/are being written

• was/were being written

• have/has been written

• had been written

• will have been written

Если тебе нужно, могу привести по одному примеру на каждую форму именно с твоими словами/темой (письмо, отчёт, сообщение), но базовая “карта” выше — это и есть “written во всех временах”.