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The word «pharmacy» comes from Greek and in the modern language means «a drug». The civilization of the past contributed to our present knowledge by the collection of drugs and medicinal preparations. Pharmacy was an integral part of medicine when preparative pharmaceutical techniques were simple. It became an independent branch of medicine when an increasing variety of drugs and their complex compositions demanded specialists familiar with such technologies.

However, only in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries chemical knowledge advanced to the point at which it became capable to contribute significantly to pharmacology. The first and the most important was the isolation in relatively pure chemical form of the active constituents of plants. For example, in 1806 Sertürner isolated morphine from opium. It took man over five thousand years to make this very important step.

The industrial revolution of the last century gave birth to synthetic organic chemistry and established a new branch of knowledge necessary for the synthesis of new drugs. At present pharmacy is defined as the art and science of recognition, identification, collection, preparation, storage, test, composition and distribution of all substances used in preventive or in curative medicine for people’s treatment. It includes different subjects, such as physics, chemistry, botany, pharmacognosy, pharmacology, etc. which pharmaceutical students master to become highly qualified pharmacists.

1. When did chemical knowledge advance to contribute significantly to pharmacology?

2. What did the industrial revolution do?

3. How is pharmacy defined at present?

4. Which contribution was the isolation of the active constituents?

5. Why do pharmaceutical students master so many subjects?

6. When did pharmacy become an independent branch of medicine?

7. How long did it take man to make this very important step?

8. Where does the word «pharmacy» come from?

9. What specialists did an increasing variety of drugs demand?

10. Who contributed to our present knowledge of pharmacy?

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