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Albert Einstein was a renowned theoretical physicist, widely recognized for developing the theory of relativity, which revolutionized our understanding of space, time, and gravity. He was born on March 14, 1879, in Ulm, Germany, and became one of the most influential scientists of the 20th century.

Einstein's most famous equation, E = mc², expresses the idea that energy (E) and mass (m) are interchangeable, with "c" representing the speed of light. This equation played a crucial role in the development of nuclear energy and understanding the universe at both large and small scales.

In 1905, often referred to as his "Annus Mirabilis" (miracle year), Einstein published four groundbreaking papers, which included his special theory of relativity. This theory introduced the concept that the laws of physics are the same for all observers moving at constant speeds and showed that time and space are relative, not absolute.

In 1915, Einstein published his general theory of relativity, which extended his previous work and introduced a new understanding of gravity. According to general relativity, gravity is not a force transmitted through space, as Isaac Newton had proposed, but instead the result of the curvature of space-time caused by the presence of mass and energy. This theory was confirmed in 1919 when an eclipse allowed scientists to observe the bending of light from stars around the sun, just as Einstein had predicted.

Einstein received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921 for his work on the photoelectric effect, which helped establish quantum theory. Despite his contributions to quantum mechanics, he had reservations about some of its implications, famously saying, "God does not play dice with the universe."

In the later part of his life, Einstein became a prominent public figure, advocating for peace, social justice, and the dangers of nuclear weapons. He emigrated to the United States in 1933, fleeing the rise of the Nazi regime in Germany. He spent the rest of his life at Princeton University, where he continued to work on a unified field theory and other scientific endeavors until his death on April 18, 1955.

Einstein's legacy is not only in his scientific contributions but also in his philosophy of curiosity, critical thinking, and a deep commitment to understanding the universe. His name has become synonymous with genius, and his theories continue to shape modern physics and astronomy.