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The first inhabitants of the British Isles were normandic Stone Age hunters. Between the sixth and the third century BC, the British Isles were invaded by Celtic tribes: people from the land which is now the territory of France and Germany. During the next 1,000 years there were many invasions. The Romans came from Italy in AD 43 and, in calling the country ‘Britannia’, gave Britain its name. The Roman invasion lasted four centuries and brought to Britain Christianity and all the achievements of Roman culture. But the Roman invasion was not peaceful. The tribes in Scotland never completely surrendered to the Romans. In Ireland and Scotland there remained the old Celtic way of life with its native customs and traditions.
When Roman legions had left Britain, Germanic tribes began invading the southern part of the country. The first to come were the Saxons, joined later by Jutes and Angles, and England gets its name from this invasion (Angle-land). The Anglo-Saxons came from Germany, Holland and Denmark. The Vikings arrived from Denmark and Norway in the 9th century, and in 1066 the Normans invaded from France. William, the Duke of Normandy, became king of England, establishing a strong centralized state. Castles appeared all over the country to enforce Norman rule. The Normans’ power was absolute and the language of the new rulers, Norman-French, has had a strong effect on English. Since 1066 England has never been invaded by anybody.

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