Tea is 1) made (make) from the leaves of the tea plant. At first, it 2) ______ (use) as a medicine, but it 3) ______ (become) an everyday drink in the 3rd century A.D. First, the leaves 4) ______ (pick) from the plant and they are spread onto a cloth. They 5) _______ (leave) there for up to twenty hours. Next, the leaves are rolled up until they 6) ______ (break) into small pieces. Finally, the leaves 7) _______ (dry). The tea 8) _______ (pack) into containers and sent to different countries. It 9) ______ (sell) to customers as loose leaves, as tea bags and as instant tea. To make tea, we 10) ______ (boil) water and 11) ______ (pour) it over the dry tea in a teapot. This 12) ______ (leave) for three to five minutes. We can then add milk, lemon or sugar. In Britain, it was the custom to serve tea in the afternoons with sandwiches and cakes. This custom 13) ______ (start) by the Duchess of Bedford around 1840. Today, people 14) ______ (drink) tea all over the world.

Правильные ответы

1. is made (make) — Present Simple Passive

2. was used (use) — Past Simple Passive

3. became (become) — Past Simple

4. are picked (pick) — Present Simple Passive

5. are left (leave) — Present Simple Passive

6. are broken (break) — Present Simple Passive

7. are dried (dry) — Present Simple Passive

8. is packed (pack) — Present Simple Passive

9. is sold (sell) — Present Simple Passive

10. boil (boil) — Present Simple

11. pour (pour) — Present Simple

12. is left (leave) — Present Simple Passive

13. was started (start) — Past Simple Passive

14. drink (drink) — Present Simple

Полный текст с правильными ответами

Tea is made from the leaves of the tea plant. At first, it was used as a medicine, but it became an everyday drink in the 3rd century A.D.

First, the leaves are picked from the plant and they are spread onto a cloth. They are left there for up to twenty hours. Next, the leaves are rolled up until they are broken into small pieces. Finally, the leaves are dried.

The tea is packed into containers and sent to different countries. It is sold to customers as loose leaves, as tea bags and as instant tea.

To make tea, we boil water and pour it over the dry tea in a teapot. This is left for three to five minutes. We can then add milk, lemon or sugar.

In Britain, it was the custom to serve tea in the afternoons with sandwiches and cakes. This custom was started by the Duchess of Bedford around 1840.

Today, people drink tea all over the world.

Объяснение грамматики

В этом упражнении используются три основные грамматические конструкции.

1. Present Simple Passive (настоящее время, страдательный залог)

Формула: am / is / are + V3 (третья форма глагола).

Используется, когда важно действие, совершаемое над предметом, а не тот, кто его выполняет.

Примеры:

• Tea is made from leaves. — Чай изготавливается из листьев.

• The leaves are dried. — Листья высушиваются.

• The tea is sold. — Чай продаётся.

2. Past Simple Passive (прошедшее время, страдательный залог)

Формула: was / were + V3.

Используется для описания действий, которые совершались над предметом в прошлом.

Примеры:

• It was used as a medicine. — Его использовали как лекарство.

• This custom was started around 1840. — Эта традиция была положена примерно в 1840 году.

3. Present Simple и Past Simple (действительный залог)

Используются, когда подлежащее само выполняет действие.

Примеры:

• We boil water. — Мы кипятим воду.

• We pour it over the tea. — Мы заливаем чай водой.

• People drink tea. — Люди пьют чай.

• Tea became an everyday drink. — Чай стал повседневным напитком.

Примечание к № 6: вариант break тоже грамматически возможен: until they break into small pieces — «пока они не распадутся на маленькие кусочки». Однако в упражнении на страдательный залог ожидается are broken.

Главное правило: если действие совершается над предметом, обычно используется Passive Voice. Если подлежащее само выполняет действие, используется Active Voice.