CITIES OF THE FUTURE In the 1950s, only 750 million people lived in cities. In 2018, the world's cities were home to 4.2 billion people, which was about 55% of the population at the time. But what will the cities of the future look like? 'If we don't do anything to prepare for this expansion, the cities of the future will be noisy, polluted and overcrowded,' says Dr Stuart Smith, a scientist who specializes in urban geography. 'But it doesn't have to be like that. Governments around the world are already trying to come up with innovative solutions. There have been some success stories and, in my opinion, the most striking is that of Nur-Sultan in Kazakhstan.' Nur-Sultan is one of the fastest growing cities in Central Asia. Over the next two decades, it was completely rebuilt, becoming the new capital of Kazakhstan. Today, more than a million people live in the city. Such rapid growth is usually associated with a sharp decline in the quality of life, but this hasn't been the case in Nur-Sultan. 'I didn't think...' 1. Check the meaning of these words in a dictionary. What part of speech is each word? Which three words can be both verbs and nouns? innovative, solution, rapid, decline, futuristic, construction, impact, infrastructure, citizen, launch.

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