Topic: Electrical Power Industry
Тема: Электроэнергетика
Using energy has been a key issue in the development of our human society since ancient times when people started to control fire. But one of the most prominent sources that changed the life of the whole world was the discovery of the most efficient energy source – electricity. In our modern world electricity is used for industry and agriculture, communication and transportation, and for everyday use.
The development of electricity dates back to the late 17th century and the great discovery of the power source of energy was made by William Gilbert. A great number of further important discoveries were made over the next two centuries – among them were the light bulb and the principle of electromagnetic induction. The start of the electrical industry began in 1881 when the first power station in the world was constructed at Godalming in England. Then in 1882 the great inventor Thomas Edison and his Edison Electric Light Company started their first steam-powered station in New York. That was the beginning of the new era of electricity that changed the way people lived. By 1890 there were thousands of power systems in Europe and the USA.
But what is electricity? From a scientific point of view, electricity is a particular set of physical phenomena characterized by the presence and flow of electric charge. It is created when small particles – electrons – move between atoms. This process creates an electric current. And this current is used to energize different kinds of equipment. The electrical power industry can fairly be called the backbone of modern industry and everyday life.
We use electrical power for heating, cooling and lighting our houses, for cooking food, and for numerous devices and gadgets such as TV sets, computers and smartphones. Electrical power has become an essential necessity for modern society. But unfortunately not all people in the world have access to this source of energy. Millions of people in poor countries have to survive without the advantages of electrical power.
Besides the obvious advantages that electrical power brings to our lives, there are definite threats that this modern technology causes. The process of electricity generation at different kinds of power stations is often not harmless to nature. One of the most efficient but dangerous means of electricity generation is nuclear power stations. Though this is one of the most effective ways to generate electricity for the needs of society, the disastrous catastrophes in Chernobyl and Fukushima showed us how dangerous nuclear power is.
The process of environmentally friendly electricity generation has been developing greatly these days. Wind power, solar power and the power of the ocean are used to generate safe and cheap electricity that will be able to bring our life to the next level of evolution.

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