Вставьте правильные формы глаголов в пассивном и активном залоге. *1 Department stores* Department stores are big shops, usually with a few different floors, in one building. They sell lots of different things – toiletries, clothes, shoes, toys, jewellery, food … Harrods in London 1 _____________ (be) the biggest department store in Britain and it is probably the most famous. However, the first department store 2 _____________ (start) in 1877 in Philadelphia in America by John Wanamaker. Many other shopping ideas 3 _____________ (invent) by Wanamaker. He 4 _____________ (create) modern price tags and the first restaurant in a shop. *2 The shopping mall* Many shopping malls 1 _____________ (build) every year – but how did they start? They are the modern version of traditional market places. The J.C. Nichols company 2 _____________ (build) the first mall in 1922 in America near Kansas City. Since then, shopping malls 3 _____________ (open) all over the world. In the 1980s huge malls 4 _____________ (develop). For example, the West Edmonton Mall in Alberta, Canada, has more than 800 shops, a hotel, a theme park, a golf course, a church, a water park and even a zoo! *3 Mail order catalogue* 1 __________ (you/ever/buy) anything online? Well, before the Internet existed, people often 2 __________ (buy) things from a mail order catalogue. The catalogues had pictures and descriptions of the things you could buy. When people ordered and paid for things, they 3 __________ (deliver) to their house by the post office. Aaron Montgomery Ward 4 __________ (send) out his first catalogue in 1872. You could only buy things from his catalogue – his first shop 5 __________ (not open) until 1926! *4 The shopping trolley* Go to any supermarket and you’ll see lots of shopping trolleys. People 1 _____________ (use) them all the time. Sylvan Goldman 2 _____________ (invent) the first shopping trolley in 1936. Goldman was the owner of a chain of food shops and he 3 _____________ (want) to help people carry their shopping. He 4 _____________ (add) two wire baskets and wheels to a chair to make the first trolley! Since then, the design 5 _____________ (improve) a lot!
Ответы на вопрос
1. Department stores
is (be) — Present Simple, Active.
was started (start) — Past Simple, Passive.
were invented (invent) — Past Simple, Passive.
created (create) — Past Simple, Active.
2. The shopping mall
are built (build) — Present Simple, Passive.
built (build) — Past Simple, Active.
have been opened (open) — Present Perfect, Passive.
were developed (develop) — Past Simple, Passive.
3. Mail order catalogue
Have you ever bought (you/ever/buy) — Present Perfect, Active.
bought (buy) — Past Simple, Active.
were delivered (deliver) — Past Simple, Passive.
sent (send) — Past Simple, Active.
did not open (not open) — Past Simple, Active.
4. The shopping trolley
use (use) — Present Simple, Active.
invented (invent) — Past Simple, Active.
wanted (want) — Past Simple, Active.
added (add) — Past Simple, Active.
has been improved (improve) — Present Perfect, Passive.
Краткое объяснение грамматики
В упражнении используются активный и пассивный залоги.
1. Active Voice (активный залог)
Подлежащее само выполняет действие.
Present Simple: V / V-s (use, sells).
Past Simple: V2 (built, created, invented).
Present Perfect: have/has + V3 (have bought).
2. Passive Voice (пассивный залог)
Подлежащее испытывает действие на себе.
Present Simple Passive: am/is/are + V3 (are built).
Past Simple Passive: was/were + V3 (was started).
Present Perfect Passive: have/has been + V3 (has been improved).
Обратите внимание на слова-подсказки:
Every year, all the time — обычно Present Simple.
In 1877, in 1922, in 1936 — Past Simple.
Since then — Present Perfect.
Ever — часто используется в вопросах Present Perfect.
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